《欧洲文化入门》复习题
I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer.(考30题，每题1分)
1. In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.
A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 B. C.C. 146 B. C. D. The 5th century
2. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?
A.Oedipus the KingB.Iliad C.Odyssey D.Antigone 3. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?
A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound 4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?
A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King 5. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?
A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. SocratesD. Pythagoras
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6. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things〞?
A. Protagoras B. Pythagoras C. Pyrrhon D. Epicurus
11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered〞?
A. HoraceB. Julius Caesar C. Virgil D. Marcus Tullius Cicero
12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.
A. Virgil B. Julius Caesar C. HoraceD. Lucretius
13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?
A. The Colosseum B. The Panthenon
C. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard
14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive〞?
A. Sappho B. Plato C. VirgilD. Horace
15. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______
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A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism
16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.
A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch
19. After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.
A. sixth B. fifth C. second D. third
20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? __________
A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar
21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________
A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I
22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.
A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff
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23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.
A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 154
24. When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete work printed.
A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew
25. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______
A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979
27. The Middle Ages is also called the _________.
A. “Age of Christianity〞 B. “Age of Literature〞
C. “Age of Holy Spirit〞 D. “Age of Faith〞
28. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______
A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the church
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C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot
D. To respect women of noble birth
29. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______
A. At the age of 14.
B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.
C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.
D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.
30. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________
A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants
C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs
31. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________
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A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291
37. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans〞 by the Pope in 800? ______
A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. Charlemagne
C. Constantine D. King James
38. Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________
A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri
C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas
41. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______
A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. David D. Moses
42. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________
A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione
43. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______
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A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo
44. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)?
A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael
45. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________
A. Tempesta B. Sacred and Profane Love C. Flight into Egypt D. The Return of the Hunters
52. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______
A.Gargantua and Pantagruel B. Don Quixote C. The Praise of Folly D. Utopia 53. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar? ________
A. Sonnets B. Decameron C. Rabelais D. Of Repentance
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54. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______
A. Cervantes B. Pierre de Ronsard C. Rabelais D. Montaigne
55. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________
A. Bruegel B. Erasmus C. El Greco D. Rabelais
58. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?
A. Kepler B. Copernicus C. Galileo D. Newton
59. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _______.
A. a thousand times B. a hundred times
C. ten-thousand times D. five-hundred times
60. Engels said:“The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…〞, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______
A. Sidereus Nuncius 8 / 18
B. New Eassays Concerning Human Understanding C. New system of Nature D. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs 65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.
A. Descartes B. Copernicus C. Leibniz D. Kepler
66. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________
A. Essay Concerning Human Understanding B. The Novum Organum (New Method) C. The New Atlantis D. The Advancement of Learning 67. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _______
A. John Locke B. Descartes
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C. Pierre Gassendi D. Thomas Hobbes
68. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.
A. Andromaque B. Areopagitica
C. Paradise Lost D. Paradise Regained 69. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions? ________
A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.
B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.
C. The King should levy no money at any time.
D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.
78. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? ______
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A. Rubens B. Borromini C. Caravaggio D. Bernini
79. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe? ______
A. Rubens B. Velazquez C. Borromini D. Bernini
80. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____
A. Christopher Wren B. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbens
II. Fill in the following blanks. 〔考10空，每空1分〕
1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.
2. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. 3. To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.〞
4. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ). 11 / 18
5. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.
6. Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the most influential in the West.
7. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. 8. In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. 9. As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.
10. Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.
11. To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem. 12. Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature.
13. Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of
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religious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.
14. The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. 15. Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.
16. The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution. 17. Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of the French neoclassicism in the 17th century.
III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 〔考10题，每题1分〕
1. Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measure of all things.〞 F
2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. T
3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F
4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law
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in many Western countries. T
5. The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them. And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F
6. After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents. T
7. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T
8. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testament in apopular form of Latin. F
9. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism. F
10. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of the Church〞, whose work is generally considered orthodox. T
11. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans〞 by himself in 800. F
12. Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France
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it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama. T
13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T
14. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, therefore I think: I think , therefore I am.〞 T
15. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F
16. The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmark in French architecture. F
17. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the VienneseSchool. F
18. The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T
19. As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the laws governingthe bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolutionof man himself. F
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20. Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man’s fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. F
IV. Explain the following terms in English. 〔考3个名词，每词10分〕
1. Humanism ---
Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.
2. Enlightenment ---
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.
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3. Neo-classicism ---
It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.
4. Calvinism ---
The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians have suggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.
5. Reformation ---
It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers
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believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered MedievalChurch's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.
V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 〔20分〕
It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.
(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2’)
(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8’)
(3) Bible’s significant place in Western culture. (10’)
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