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医学英语词干小结

2023-07-14 来源:爱站旅游
导读医学英语词干小结
医学词干小结

a-,ab- : from , away from , off

ante- : before , in front of , forward

anter- : before , in the forward part of , in front of

con- , co- : with , together , completely , very

in- : in , into , on inter- : between juxta- : beside , near

per- : through , throughout , very , completely

poster- : behind , in the back part of re- : back , again supra- : above , over

caud- : tail , lower end of the body coron- : corona , crown cephal- : head

crani- : cranium , skull dextr- : right , righthand

dist- : remote , distant , farther from the attached end

dors- : back , dorsum extern- : outside

front- : forehead , front intern- : inside , within later- : side mes- : middle medi- : middle

pariet- : internal wall of cavity or organ proxim- : next to , near to the attached end

sinstr- : left , lefthand

transvers- : turned across , situated crosswise ventr- : belly

viscer- : the internal organs of the body , the viscra

ad- : to , toward ,near

dis- : away , apart from , removed , not e- , ex- : out from , out of , from , without

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intra- : within , inside post- : after , behind

pre- : before , in front of retro- : backward , behind

sub- : under , below , less than , moderately

trans- : across , through , beyond ultra- : beyond , excessive

ambi- : both , on both sides , around circum- : around , all around

de- : down , away from , completely , privation

extra- , extro- : on the outside of , beyond

infra- : below , underneath

pro- : before , in front of , forward

super- : above , in the upper part of , excessive

a- , an- : not , without , less , absence of dys- : painful , difficult , abnormal , lack of

hyper- : over , above , abnormally excessive

hypo- : under , deficient , abnormally low

peri- : around , near anti- : against , opposing

dia- : through , across , completely , apart

epi- : on , upon

exo- : outside , outer

syn- : with , together with kin- , cin- : to move

kine- , kines- , cines- : movement , motor function lei- : smooth

muscul- , my- : muscle rhabd- : rod , rod-shaped tax- : order , arrangement ton- : stretching , tension

amphi- , ampho- : both , on both sides ,

around

apo- : from , away from , off

ek- , ec- , ex- : out from , out of , without

endo- : within , inward , inner eso- : within

meta- : after , next , change

para- : beside , beyond , abnormal , disorder

ana- : up , upward , back , backward , again

cata- : down , downward , lower , against , completely

ecto- : on the outside , external ento- : on the inside , within , inner eu- : well , good , easy , normal pro- : before , in front of aden- : gland aer- : air

angi- : vessel , blood vessel , duct brady- : slow cardi- : heart

eury- : wide , broad

ger- , gest- : to carry , to bear olig- : few , scantly , little pan- , pant- : all , the whole phleb- : vein piez- : pressure

pneum- , pneumat- : air , gas poly- : many , much pur- : pus py- : pus

rhythm- : rhythm sphygm- : pulse

stal- , stol- : to contract , to send tachy- : swift , rapid alb- : white

ater- , atr- : black chlor- : green cyan- : blue flav- : yellow

glauc- : grayish green

chrom- , chromat- : color , pigment cirrh- : orangish yellow , tawny

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dolich- : long is- : equal , same macr- : large

mega- , megal- : large melan- : black metr- : measure micr- : small

rhod- : pink , rosy rub- , rubr- : red xanth- : yellow

ambly- : dull , blunted bul- : willpower cry- , crym- : cold

erot- : sexual desire , love

geus- , geut- : taste , sense of taste hapt- , haph - : touch , sense of touch hypn- : sleep

lal- : speech , chatter lex- : reading phas- : speech

log- : word , thought , reason narc- : stupor , numbness opt- : vision , sight

osphres- : smell , odor , sense of smell phot- : light phras- : speech

phrax- : doing , activity ,coordinated movement psychr- : cold hom- : same therm- : heat aut- : one’s own

heter- : other , different mon- , uni- : one di- , bi- : two tri- : three

tertra- , quadr- : four pent- , penta- : five hex- , hexa- , sex- : six oct- , octa- : eight ennea- : nine dec- , deca- : ten

hect- , cent- : one hundred kil- , milli- : one thousand

hapl- : single , singlefold , simple dipl- : double , twofold hemi- , semi- : one half amyl- : starch

ankyl- : bent , adhesed

bar- : weight , atmospheric pressure brachi- : arm

cheir- , chir- : hand brachy- : short

dynamo- : power , strength

ger- , geront- : old person , old age

home- , homoe- homoi- : like , same , unchanging

orth- : straight , correct , normal pachy- : thick ped- : foot

pharmacy- : drug , a medicine

phylac- , phylact- , phylax- : to guard , protect against infection pod- : foot pseudo- : false

som- , somat- : body thanat- : death

-ad : in the direction of , toward

-al , -ar , -ile : pertaining to , characterized by -an : pertaining to

-ary , -ac , -ic : pertaining to

-ous : full of , having the nature of -cele : swelling , tumor , hernia -itis : inflammation

-malacia : abnormal softening -megaly , -megalia : enlargement -pathy , -pathia : any disease of -plasia : formation , development

-ptosis , -ptosia : a falling , downward displacement , prolapse

-oma : tumor , neoplasm or new and abnormal growth

-osis : a condition or process , usually abnormal

-trophy , -trophia : nourishment , growth

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-gen : a thing produced

-genic : of the nature of producing , produced by

-genous : produced by , arising in -ia : state of , condition of , quality of -sis : action , process

-ium , -eum : part , enveloping tissue or memeberane , lining -oid : like , resembling

-desis : fixation , fusion , binding -ectomy : excision

-pexy , -pexis : fixation , fastening

-plasty : formation , repair , plastic surgery

-rrhappy : suture

-tomy : incision , cutting

-clasis , -clasia : a breaking up , surgical fracture

-centesis : surgical puncture

-gram : a record , a x-ray recording

-graph : an instrument for recording or writing

-graphy : the recording , means of recording

-meter : an instrument for measuring -scope : an instrument for examing or observing

-scopy : the act of examing -tripsy : surgical crushing

-acusia , -acusis , -acousia , -acousis : hearing

-agra : a sudden seizure of pain -algia : pain -odynia : pain -blepsia : vision

-opsia , -opsis , -opia : sight , vision

-rrhagia , -rrhage : excessive discharge , hemorrhage

-rrhea : flow , discharge

-spasm : involuntary muscle contraction

-asthenia : lack or loss of strength and activity

-ectasia , -ectasis : abnormal

widening ,expansion

-emia : a blood condition , usually abnormal

-ism : act of , result of the act of -plegia : paralysis -stenosis : narrowing -edemia : swelling

-ectopia , -ectopy : displacement

-lysis : destruction , breaking down , surgical loosening -piesis : pressure -ase : enzyme -penia : deficiency

-philia : tendency toward ; abnormal appetite

or liking for

-emphraxis : a stoppage , obstruction

-phthisis : a wasting way , decay , tuberculosis

-cyesis : pregnancy

-ischia , -ischesis, -schesis : suppression -us 个体,怪胎。与表否定的a- , -ia 加到某

个词根或某几个词根,表示缺失这些部分. -pagus : 表示在词根所示部位上连在一起的双胞联胎.

-ferous : bearing , producing -phyma : growth , tumor

-tropic : turning toward , having an affinity for -emesis : vomiting

-iasis : condition of , process of -pepsia : digestion -rrhexis : rupture

-stasis , -stasia : a standing still , stoppage -aphia : sense of touch

-esthesia : perception , feeling , sensation

-gnosis , -gnosia : a perceiving , knowledge , recognition

-mnesis : memory -osmia : sense of smell

-thymia : condition of the mind or emotions -cide : killing , an agent that kills -on , -um : a thing

指小词:

-ion , -ium ; -dion , idium; -arion , -arium; -iscos , -iscus; -ulus , -ula , -ulum;

-olous , -lus , -ola , -olum; -ellus , -ella , -ellum; -culus , -cula , -culum; -illus , -illa , -illum ;

-unculus , -uncula , -unculum

-in : chemical substance -ose : carbohydrate

-genesis : generation , production , formation

-poiesis : formation , making -schisis : splitting , fissure -sepsis : rotting , putrefaction

-phobia : an abnormal fear or aversion -ics : art , science , system of

-ician : one who practices or is skilled in -ology : study of , science of , medicine of

-ist : one who practices or is skilled in an art or science

-iatrics , -iatry : medical treatment of -pnea : breathing , respiration

-therapy : medical treatment of ,cure by -clysis : irrigation , injection of fluid -coele , -cele : cavity , space -orexia : appetite

-stomy : surgical formation of an artificial opening

-tome : instrument for cutting or incising -agogue : an agent that promotes a floe -cirrhosis : a yellow condition of the urine

-cleisis : closure , surgical closure

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形容词的构成 : 在名词、动词和其他形容词的词根上加形容词后缀构成。

以-sis 或 -sia结尾者, 加上-tic和-ic, 取代-sis 和 -sia时, 若它们是动词词根用 -tic, 若是名词和形容词词根则用 -ic 。

以 -osis 结尾的词, 用词根加 -otic

以 -oma 结尾者, 词根加 -omat- 再加形容词后缀

以 -itis结尾者, 词根加 -tic

acromi- : acromion articul- : joint

astragal- : astrglus , ball of the ankle joint calcane- : heel bone

carp- : wrist , carpus or joint between the hand and arms , bones of the carpus clavic- : clavicle , collar bone cost- : rib

femor- : femur , thigh bone

fibul- : fibula , outer bone of the leg humer- : humerus , shoulder ili- : ilium , flank ischi- : ischium

patell- : patella , knee cap

pelv- : pelvis , basinlike structure

phalang- : phalanx , anybone of a finger or toe scapula- : scapula , shoulder blade tars- : tarsus , instep of the spine tibi- : tibia , shinbone uln- : ulna , ulbow

vertebr- : vertebra , joint of the spine

al- : ala , wing , winglike structure or process cervic- : cervix , neck

condyl- : condyle , a rounded projection at the extremity of a bone , knuckle cox- : coax , hip , hip joint flect- , flex- : to bend lumb- : lumbus , loin

mandibul- : mandible , bone of the lower jaw maxilla- : maxilla , bone of the upper jaw ment- : mentum , chin nas- : nasus , nose

pector- : pectus , breast , chest pub- : pubic bone

radi- : radius , outer bone of the forearm spin- : spine , spinal column tal- : talus , ankle bone

tempor- : the temples , temporal bone

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thorac- : thorax , chest

tuber- : swelling , projection arthr- : joint

blast- : bud , embryonic cell or layer burs- : bursa , sac chondr- : cartilage dactyl- : finger , toe

desm- : band , bond , ligament geni- , geny- : chin , jaw , cheek gnath- : jaw

gon- , gonat- , gony- : knee hem- , hemat- : blood

myel- : bone marrow , spinal cord oss- , osse- ; oste- , ost- : bone por- : pore , passage way rachi- : spine sclera- : hard

scoli- : twisted , crooked , curved spondyl- : vertebra , spinal column

adip- : fat cyt- : cell

coll- , colla- : glue cut- : skin hist- : tissue

derm- , dermat- : skin

fasci- : fascia , band of fibrous tissue fibr- : fiber , fibrous connective tissue hyal- : glass , resembling glass hydr- : water , fluid hygr- : moisture

in- : fiber , fibrous connective tissue lip- : fat , lipid muc- : mucus sarc- : flesh myx- : mucus squam- : scale

stear- , steat- : fat , tallow

syndesm- : connective tissue , ligament ten- , tenont- : tendon tend- , tendin- : tendon cerebell- : cerebellum cerebr- : cerebrum

cort- , cortic : cortex , outer layer of an organ

encephal- : brain gangli- : ganglion

gli- : glue , glue-like tissue lemn- : cover , sheath leuk- : white

mening- : meninges , membrane nerv- : nerve , sinew neur- : nerve , sinew phren- : mind

phrenic- : phrenic nerve

poli- : gray , gray matter of the nervous system

psych- : mind , psyche rhiz- : root

thalam- : thalamus , chamber thec- : cover , sheath ventricul- : ventricle

aur- : ear

blephar- : eyelid

conjunctive- : conjunctiva core- , cor- : pupil of the eye corne- : cornea

cycl- : ciliary body of the eye cyst- : cyst , bladder , sac dacry- : tear kerat- : cornea ir- , irid- : iris

labyrinth- : labyrinth , internalear lacrim- : tear

myring- : tympanic membrane ocul- : eye ophthalm- : eye ot- : ear

pupil- : pupil of the eye

scler- : sclera , tough white outer coat of eye tympan- : tympanic membrane

aort- , aortic- : aorta arteri- : artery

atri- : atrium of the heart capill- : capillary cord- : heart

corp- , corpor- : body , corpus

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lien- : spleen

lymph- , lymphat- : lymph

papill- : papilla , nipple-like projection sangui- ,sanguine- : blood

sept- : septum , dividing wall , nasal septum valv- : valve

vas- : vessel , duct ven- : vein

anis- : unequal , dissimilar

cocc- : spherical bacteria , berry cras- : temperament , mixture drepan- : sickle erythr- : red

gluc- : sweatness , glucose granul- : granule , a little grain glyc- : sugar , glucose

phag- : to engulf , to devour , to eat plasm- : fluid portion of the blood poikil- : varied , mottled sapr- : rotten , decayed ser- : serum strept- : twisted splen- : spleen tox- : poison

staphyl- : bunch of grapes thromb- : clot , thrombus

anthrac- : coal

bronch- : bronchus , air passage of a lung

bronchi- : bronchium , an air passage smaller than a bronchus chord- , cord- : cord

cili- : cilium , hairlike process , eyeslash coni- : dust nas- : nose laryng- : larynx

or- : mouth , opening

ox- , oxy- : sharp , acid , oxygen phon- : voice , sound phren- : diaphragm pleur- : pleura , rib ,side

pneum- , pneumon- ; pulm- , pulmon- : lung pyret- : fever

rhin- : nose

salpingo- : tube , auditory tube sider- : iron

silic- : silica , silicon dioxide sin- : sinus , cavity tel- , tele- : end trache- : trachea

brom- , bromat- : bromine sit- : food

lapi- , cheil : lip , lips of the mouth , labium stom- , stomat- : mouth palat- : palate uran- : palate

uvul- , staphyl- : uvula bucc- : cheek lingu- : tongue gloss- : tongue blenn- : mucus gingiv- : the gums dent- : tooth

sial- : saliva , salivary gland pty- : to spit , to expectorate ptyal- : saliva

pharyng- : pharynx esophag- : esophagus gastr- : stomach

cardi- : cardiac end of the stomach peps- , pept- : to digest

pylor- : pylorus , gate keeper enter- : small intestine duoden- : duodenum jejun- : jejunum ile- : ileum cec- : cecum

col- : large intestine , colon rect- : rectum an- : anus copr- : feces

sterc- , stercor- : feces abdomin- : abdomen celi- : abdomen

splanchn- : internal organ , viscus xer- : dry hepat- : liver

bil- , chole- , chol- : bile

choledoch- : common bile duct

hepatic- : hepatic duct , occasionally wall lapar- : loin , flank , abdominal wall lith- : calculus , stone

necr- : dead body , dead cells , deadth pancreat- : pancreas

pancreatic- : pancreatic duct periton- : peritoneum pyle- : portal vein

meat- : meatus , passage , opening nephr- : kidney

prostate- : prostate gland

pyel- : pelvis of the kidney , renal pelvis ren- : kidney

ur- : urine , urinary tract uret- : ureter urethr- : urethra vesic- : bladder

cervic- : neck , cervix of the uterus or cervix uteri

colp- : vagina episi- : vulva

gyn- , gyne- , gynec- : woman hyster- : uterus men- : menses metr- : uterus

omphal- : naval , the umbilicus o?- : egg , ovum o?phor- : ovary

ov- : egg , ovum ped- : child

salpingo- : salpinx , uterine tube toc- : childbirth andr- : man , male

balan- : glans penis , balanus cypt- : hidden

epididym- : epididymus gon- : seed , sperm , semen

orch- , orchi- , orchid- : testis , testicle osche- : scrotum pen- , phall- : penis semin- : semen

sperm- , spermat- : seed , sperm, semen

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vas- : vas deferens

adren- : an adrenal gland areol- : areola , a little space cin- : to separate , to secrete duct- , duc- : to lead , to draw galact- : milk

hidr- : sweat , sweat gland hormon- : hormone

hypophys- : hypophysis , pituitary gland kerat- : horny tissue lact- : milk

mamm- , mast- : breast , mammary gland onych- : fingernail , toenail pil- : hair

pineal- : pineal body seb- : sebum

thel- , thele- : nipple thym- : thymus gland thyr- : thyroid gland trich- : hair

ubgu- : fingernail , toenail

acar- : mite actino- : ray ameb- : ameba

bacill- : bacillus , any rod-shapedbacterium bacteri- : bacterium bio- : life

gam- : sexual union , marriage helminth- : parasitic worm myc- , mycet- : fungus myi- : fly larvae phyt- : plant vermin- : worm spor- : spore zo- : animal

azo- : relating to or containing the bivalent group N=N united at both ends to carbon 偶氮基

cryo- : cold , freezing digiti- : finger , toe entomo- : insect -fast : against fluor- : fluorine ictero- : jaundice noso- : disease ophthalm- : eye nycto- : night

-ol : chemical compound (as an alcohol or phenol) containing hydroxyl < cresol>

ortho- : correct pen- : total

sphero- : sphere

-phoresis : transmission

-tome : cutting instrument ; part

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