PartI.ReadingComprehension(60%)
Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefourshortpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA),B),C),orD)andmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheetI.Passage1WeliveinsouthernCaliforniagrowinggrapes,afirstgenerationofvintners,ourhomeadjacenttothevineyardsandthewinery.It’saveryprettyplace,andinordertoearnthemoneytorealizeourdreamofmakingwine,weworkedformanyyearsinabusinessthatdemandedseveralhouseholdmoves,anincredibleamountofrisk-takingandlongabsencesfrommyhusband.Whenitwastime,wetradedinouroldlife,cinchedupourbeltsandbeganthecreationofthewinery.Wemakesmallamountsofpremiumwine,andourlivesaredictatedbytherhythmofnatureandthedemandsofthelivingvines.ThevinesstartsproutingtinygreentendrilsinMarchandApril,andthebabygrapesbegintoforminminiature,soperfectthattheycanbedippedingoldtoformjewelry.Thegrapesswellandripeninearlyfall,andwhentheirsugarcontentisattherightlevel,theyareharvestedcarefullybyhandandcrushedinsmalllots.Thewineisfermentedandtendeduntilitisreadytobebottled.Thevineyardsshedtheirleaves,thevinesareprunedandmadereadyforthedormantmonths---andthenextvintage.Itsoundsnice,doesn’tit?Livinginthecountry,ourdaysspentintheancientroutineofthevineyard,knowingthatthecourseofourlivesasvintnerswaschoreographedlongageandthatifwepracticeddiligently,ourwinewouldbegoodandwe’dbesuccessful.Fromthestartweknewtherewasapricefortheprivilegeofbecomingawine-makingfamily,connectedtothelandandthecapricesofnature.Weworkhardatsomethingwelove,weareslowtopanicoverthedailyemergencies,wearenimbleatsolvingproblemsastheyarise.Somehazardstocompletingasuccessfulvintageareexpected:rainjustbeforeharvestingcancausemold;electricityunexpectedlyinterruptedduringthecoldfermentationofwhitewinecandamageit;adelayedpaymentfromamajorclientwhenthemoneyisneeded.Thereareoutsideinfluencesthatdisruptproductionandtakepatience,goodwillandperseverance.[Forexample]theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearmsregulateseveryfacetofthewinebusiness.Awinery’srecordsareauditedasoftenastwoorthreetimesayearandeverylabel---newlywrittenforeachyear’svintage---mustbeapproved.…[But]Thegreatestthreattothewinery,andonethatalmostmadeusloseheart,cameoutofalawyer’simagination.Outlittlewinerywasservednoticethatwewerenamedinalawsuitaccusingusofendangeringthepublichealthbyusingleadfoilsonourbottles(itwastheonlymaterialuseduntilrecently)“withoutwarningconsumersofapossiblerisk.”Thereitwas,ourwinery’snamelistedwiththeindustry’sgiants.……Imusthaveaskedahundredtimes:“Whogetsthemoneyifthelawsuitissuccessful?”Theanswerwas,andIneverwasabletoassimilateit,theplaintiffsandtheirlawyerswhofiledthesuit!Sincethelawsuitwasbroughtinbehalfofconsumers,itseemedtomethatconsumersmustgetsomethingifitwasprovedthataleadfoilwasdangeroustothem.Weweretoldoneofthetwoconsumerclaimantswasanemployeeofthefirmfilingthesuit!Thereareattorneyswhofocustheircareersonlawsuitslikethis.Itisanimmensedangertothesmallbusinessman.Cashreservescanbeusedupintheblinkofaneyewheninthecompanyof1lawyers.Aslongasit’spossibleforanyonetosueanybodyforanything,weareallindanger.Aslongasthelegalprofessionallowsmemberstopracticelawdishonorablyandlawyersarecongratulatedforwinningbigmoneyinthisway,we’llbeplaguedwithacorruptiblejusticesystem.1.Thephrase“cinchedupourbelts”,inthefirstparagraph,suggeststhatthecoupleA.thoughtcreatingawinerywouldbebusyB.woreclothingthatwastoobigC.strappedtheirbelongingstogetherandmovedD.preparedforthedifficultworkahead2.ThegrapesareharvestedonadatethatA.mayvary.B.dependsontheapprovaloftheregulatorybureau.C.istraditionallyset.D.isdeterminedbyavailabilityofpickers.3.Accordingtotheauthor,thelifeofvintnersismostcontrolledbyA.theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearms.B.unexpectedchangesintemperature.C.thesugarcontentofthegrapes.D.thetempooftheseasons.4.ThewritercomplainsthatwhenshequestionedthelawyerssheA.nevergottheanswer.B.nevergotasimpleanswer.C.couldmakenosenseoftheanswershegot.D.couldnotunderstandtheanswershegot.5.ThewriterthinksthatthelegalprofessionA.strivestoprotectconsumers.B.doesagoodjobofpolicingitsmembers.C.ispartofanincorruptiblesystem.D.includesrapaciousattorneys.Passage2Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,whichthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbe(thoughpracticallyitneveris)asadvantageousforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassenger,thepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland---forthepoorofallcountries---iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffecton2theirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow;thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticsasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.6.WemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedintheA.1960’sintheUnitedStatesB.earlydaysofBritishindustrializationC.18th-centuryFranceD.EnglandofKingArthur7.Accordingtothepassage,theindividualshouldbeparticularlyconcernedwithA.howmuchwealthhecanaccumulateB.theacquisitionoflandpropertyratherthanmoneyC.chargingthecustomerafairpriceD.thequalityofgoodswhichhepurchaseswithhisfunds8.ItcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthorA.equatestherichwiththethiefB.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmenC.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealingsD.saysthattherobberisabenefactor9.ThepassageimpliesthatA.“Astitchintimesavesnine”.B.“Itisbetterlatethannever.”C.“Nonebutthebravedeservethefair.”D.“All’swellthatendswell.”10.Whatisthe“mainquestionforthepoor”referredtobytheauthorinthepassage?A.theusetowhichthelaborercanputhismoneyB.themethodsbywhichcapitalmaybeaccumulatedC.theresultsoftheirworkandtheirlackofauthoritytodeterminetowhatendstheirworkshallbeputD.whetherfullmeasuresofrecompenseshallbeaccordedtothelaboringpersonfortheinvestmentofhistimeinworthywork11.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,whichofthefollowingshouldpeoplebedoingwithhappiness?A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweaponsB.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplantC.waitingtablesforarichmanD.helpingapoormandohisjobPassage3Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildren3spendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbediscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingprogram,manuscriptwriting,anddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsand,atthesametime,enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionsforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.Whatisneededisamorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.12.ThecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthatA.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparentsB.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschoolC.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectivesD.parentshavearesponsibilitytohelpstudentstodotheirhomework13.TheauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthatA.parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmeticB.afathercanhelphissonconstructarticlesathomeC.aparent’smisguidedeffortscanberedirectedtoproperchannelsD.thereisnotsufficientindividualinstructionintheclassroom14.ItcanbereasonablyinferredthattheauthorA.issatisfiedwiththepresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschoolB.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogramC.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresentD.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration15.Amethodofparent-teachercommunicationNOTmentionedorreferredtobytheauthorisA.classesforparents4B.newprogressreportformsC.parent-teacherinterviewsD.demonstrationlesson16.TheauthorimpliesthatA.participationininterestingactivitiesrelatedetoaschoolsubjectimprovesone’sachievementinthatareaB.schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtotheparentsC.onlyasmallpartoftheschooldayshouldbesetapartfordrillinginarithmeticD.teachersshouldoccasionallymakehomevisitstoparents17.Theauthorwouldmostapproveofwhichofthefollowingparentalactivitiestoassistinthelearningofcompositionandwritingskills?A.onehourofsupervisedwritingexercisesnightlyB.encouragingthechildtowriteletterstorelativesC.reviewingallthechild’swrittenschoolworkD.givingthechildmoneyforgoodgradesonwrittenwork18.Itismostreasonabletoinferthattheauthorisa(n)A.elementary-schoolteacherB.parentC.collegeteacherD.professorofeducationPassage4Scientistsstudyingtheeffectoflargevolcaniceruptionsonglobalclimatehavelongfocusedonthemajorquantitiesofcarbondioxide(CO2),agasknowntocontributetothegreenhouseeffect,producedbytheseeruptions.Itiswellobservedthatsuchgreenhousegasestrapheatradiatedfromthesurfaceoftheearth,therebyformingatypeofinsulationaroundtheplanet.Thegreenhouseeffectisessentialforecologicalequipoisebecauseitmaintainsthetemperatureoftheplanetwithinhabitableparameters,butthereisgrowingconcernthatman-madeproductionofgasessuchasCO2fromtheburningoffossilfuelsmaybethreateningthesystem’stolerance,andhaveresultedinexcessivewarmingonaglobalscale.WhilevolcaniceruptionsindubitablymetabolizeandaccumulateCO2intheatmosphere,ithasbeenrecentlydiscoveredthattheirimpactisvirtuallytrivialcomparedtothequantityproducedbyhumanactivities,especiallyheavyindustry.Inreality,themoresubstantiveclimaticeffectfromvolcanoesresultsfromtheproductionofatmospherichaze,wherebylargeeruptioncolumnsinjectashparticlesandsulfur-richgasesintothetroposphereandstratosphere,cloudsthatcircumscribetheglobewithinweeksofthevolcanicactivity.Ashandaerosolcloudsfromlargevolcaniceruptionsdisseminatequicklythroughtheatmosphere,andthesmallashparticlesdecreasetheamountofsunlightreachingthesurfaceoftheearthandloweraverageglobaltemperatures,whilethesulfurousgasescombinewithwaterintheatmospheretoformacidicaerosolsthatalsoabsorbincomingsolarradiationandscatteritbackoutintospace.Thereisevidencethatvolcanoes’stratosphericashcloudshasalessereffectonglobaltemperaturesthanaerosolclouds,giventhatthemajorMt.St.Helenseruptionhadloweredglobaltemperaturesbyabout0.1degreeCelsius,whiletwoyearslaterthemuchsmallereruptionofElChicohad,bycontrast,threetofivetimestheglobalcoolingeffectworldwide.Despiteitssmallerashcloud,ElChicoemittedmorethan40timesthevolumeofsulfur-richgasesproducedbyMt.St.5Helens,revealingthattheformationofatmosphericsulfuraerosolshasamoresubstantialeffectonglobaltemperaturesthansimplythevolumeofashproducedduringaneruption.Sulfateaerosolsappeartonecessitateseveralyearstosettleoutoftheatmosphere,oneofthereasonstheireffectsaresowidespreadandenduring.ThiscorroboratestheopinionofthosescientistswhoarguethatwithoutthecoolingeffectofmajorvolcaniceruptionssuchasElChico,globalwarmingeffectscausedbyhumanactivitieswouldbefarmoresubstantial.Itshouldbenotedthatmajorvolcaniceruptionshaveadditionalclimaticeffectsbeyondglobaltemperaturedecreasesandacidrain,forashandaerosolparticlessuspendedintheatmospherescatterlightofredwavelengths,oftenresultinginbrilliantlycoloredsunsetsandsunrisesaroundtheworld.19.Accordingtothepassage,scientistshavedecidedthatsulfuraerosolsfromvolcaniceruptionsaffectglobaltemperaturestoagreaterextentthanashcloudsbecauseA.thegreenhousegaseffectproducedbyhumanactivitiestendstohaveamuchgreaterenvironmentaleffectthanthatofvolcanicexplosionsB.cloudsofsulfur-richgasestendtoachievegreaterheightsinthestratospherethandoashcloudsC.aparticularexplosionproducinghighsulfurandlittleashhadagreaterenvironmentaleffectthantheconverseD.theburningoffossilfuelstendstoexacerbatetheeffectsofsulfurousaerosols,butnotthoseofashclouds20.ThepassagesuggeststhattheeffectsofvolcaniccarbondioxideontheenvironmentdifferfromthoseofsulfurousgasesinthatA.carbondioxidetendstoalleviateenvironmentalhaze,whilesulfurousgasesusuallyincreaseitB.carbondioxidetendstoincreasetemperaturesbytrappingsunlight,whilesulfurousgasestendtodecreasetemperaturesbyblockingitC.sulfurousgaseshaveplayedanevenmoresignificantrolethancarbondioxideinpushingenvironmentaltemperaturesoutsidethehabitablerangeD.sulfurousgasestendtodecreasethelevelofsolarradiationoutsidetheearth’satmosphere,whilecarbondioxideplaysonlyanegligiblerole21.TheauthormentionstheeruptionofMountSt.Helens(lines25-26)primarilyinordertoemphasizewhichofthefollowingpoints?A.ThedeepandenduringeffectthatvolcaniceruptionshaveontheenvironmentB.TheprocessbywhichclassicvolcaniceruptionstendtooccurC.TherelativedearthofcaseswithscientistscanjudgetheeffectsofvolcaniceruptionsD.Asamplecasewithwhichlatervolcanicexplosionsarecompared22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationthethirdparagraphofthepassage?A.Atheoryisproposed,considered,andamended.B.Opposingviewsarepresented,elaborated,andthenreconciled.C.Aproblemisdescribed,thenasolutionisdiscussedanditseffectivenessisaffirmed.D.Aviewisadvanced,thenrefuted,andanalternativeissuggested.23.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldbetrueifvolcaniceruptionsdidnottakeplace?A.Greenhouseeffectsonrisingglobaltemperatureswouldlikelybesomewhatlessworrisomethanthosepostulatedbyscientiststoday.B.Acidrainbyheavyindustrywouldlikelybemoreofaproblemthanitcurrentlyis,given6thetendencyofvolcaniceruptionstohastenatmosphericcycles.C.Globalwarmingeffectscausedbyhumanactivitieswouldbemoresubstantialthantheyaretodayifvolcaniccoolingeffectsceasedtotakeplace.D.Theenvironmentwouldlikelybecooler,fortheatmospherewouldcontainfewersulfurousgasesandashclouds.24.Whichofthefollowing,ifpresentedasthefirstsentenceofasucceedingparagraph,wouldmostlogicallycontinuethediscussionpresentedinthepassage?A.Theinfluenceofvolcaniceruptionsonglobalweatherpatternsisalmostcompletelyunderstoodatpresent.B.Scientistshaveonlybeguntounderstand,however,theeffectsofthesewavelengthsoflightontheglobalenvironment.C.Thehumanwarmingactivitiesamelioratebyvolcaniceruptionsincludethoseproducedbothbyheavyindustryandagriculture.D.Thereasonthatsulfateaerosolstakeanunusuallylargetimetodisperseowesprimarilytometeorologicalfactors,includingthejetstream.Passage5Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutcomputerterminalsandradiationeffects,butsittingatthekeyboardisnowcausingproblemsformanypeople.Carpaltunnelsyndrome,resultingfromacompressednerveofthehandandwrist,affectstensofthousandsofAmericanseachyear.Ithasalwaysbeenanoccupationalhazardforworkersusingdrillingandcuttingequipment.Nowitismovingtoofficers,afflictingwriters,programmers,dataprocessors----anyonewhospendslonghoursatakeyboard.Thesyndromeoccurswhentissuesaroundthebaseofthewristswellagainstthenerve,resultinginnumbnessandpainfultinglinginthehands,oftenhappeningatnight.Theconditioncancausepermanentlossofsensationandmotorcontrol.Thefaultlies,inpart,withpoorlydesignedoffices.Workstationsthatdon’tallowemployeestositcomfortablymayputwrists,shouldersandarmsunderconstantstrain.Theproblemmaybeaggravatedbythefactthatpeopletypefasterandmorecontinuouslyoncomputers,sothatthehandsandwristsrarelymoveintootherpositions.Insomecases,surgerycansolvetheproblembydecompressingthepinchednerve.AttheofficesoftheLosAngelesTimes,wheresomeofthereportersareafflicted,workstationsarebeingredesigned,andexerciseprogramsforshoulders,wristsandfingersarebeingdeveloped,otherrecommendedmeasurersforthosetryingtoavoidthesyndrome:hourlybreaksandafive-hour-a-daytypinglimit.25.“Radiationeffects”inthefirstlineprobablyreferto_____.A.radiosignalstransmittedonthecomputerlineB.harmfuleffectsofcomputerscreensC.theboredomofsittingbeforecomputersD.thedifficultiesinlearningtotype26.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Workersusingdrillingandcuttingequipmentareusingcomputersnow.B.Avirusisspreadingdiseasesamongofficeworkers,writersandprogrammers.C.Computerusersarethreatenedwithsharpercompetitioningettingemployed.D.Anyonewhositsforlonghoursatacomputermaydevelopaspecialcondition.727.Inmostseriouscasesoftheproblem,onemay______.A.findhisfourlimbsdegeneratingB.havehisnervesystemdamagedC.losecontrolofhishandmovementspermanentlyD.becomeblindandnumb28.Themajorcauseoftheproblemis________.A.strainedsittingpositionsB.poorly-lightedofficesC.painfultinglinginthehandsD.thecompetitivenessofthejob29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasasolutiontotheproblem?A.Surgery.B.Shorterworkinghours.C.Morebreaks.D.Slowerworkingpace.Passage6Recentstudiesonthemale-femalewagegappredictthateventhoughentry-salariesformalesandfemalesinthesameoccupationarenearlyequalbecausewomen’smarketskillshaveimprovedvastly,thechancesoftheoverallgapclosingintheforeseeablefutureareminimal.Thisisduetoseveralactorsthatarelikelytochangeveryslowly,ifatall.Animportantreasonisthatwomenareconcentratedonoccupations---serviceandclerical---thatpaylessthantraditionalmalejobs.Itispossiblethatmorewomenthanmenintheirtwentiesarehesitanttocommitthemselvestoayear-round,lifetimecareerorjobformanyreasons.Thereisalingeringattitudeonboththepartofwomenandtheiremployersthatwomenarecutoutforcertainjobs.Notonlydoesthisattitudechannelwomenintolover-payingwork,butitalsoservestokeepthemfromtopmanagementpositions.Anothersignificantfactorinthewideningwagegapbetweenmenandwomenenteringtheworkforce,evenincomparablejobs,isthatwomenoftendropoutatcriticalpointsintheircareerstohaveafamily.Womenstillhavetheprimaryresponsibilityforchild-rearing;eveniftheycontinuetowork,theyoftenforgoovertimeandpromotionsthatwouldconflictwithhomeresponsibilities.Theagesof25to35havebeenshownrepeatedlytobetheperiodwhenworkingconsistentlyandhardisvitaltoadvancementandjobsecurity.Thesearepreciselytheyearswhenwomenarelikelytohavechildrenandbegintoslideawayfrommeninearningpower.Consequently,awoman’sincomeismorelikelytobeseenassecondarytoherhusband’s.30.Womenarekeptfromtopmanagementpositionspartlybecausethey_______.A.decidetodevotethemselvestocertainlifetimejobsintheirtwentiesB.areinclinedtorankfamilysecondtoworkC.tendtohavemorequarrelswiththeiremployersD.stilltakeanincorrectattitudetowardsthemselves31.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassageasapartialreasonforwomen’sconcentrationoncertainoccupations?A.Socialdivisionolabor.B.Socialprejudiceagainstthem.C.Employmentlaws.8D.Physiologicalweakness.32.Theword“forgo”inParagraph2couldbestbereplacedby______.A.giveupB.dropoutC.throwawayD.cutout33.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.A.men’sjobsaresubjecttochangeB.womentendtobeemployedoffandonatthesamejobC.men’schancesofpromotionareminimalD.womenusedtobeemployedalltheyearround34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Women’smarketskillshaveimprovedgreatly.B.Childcareisstillchieflywomen’swork.C.Womenaretypicallyemployedinclericalandservicejobs.D.Domesticdutiesnolongerconflictwithwomen’sjobs.Passage7TheurgetoexploreisinnateinMan.Whereverhisimaginationwanders,Manseeksalsotogo.Alargepartofhistoryisconcernedwiththeexplorationoftheworldinwhichwelive.Timeandagainmenhavesetoutwithamazingcourageandresolutiontoprobeintounknownregionsandlands.Theycrossedtheseasinflimsyboats,traversedcontinents,scaledmountains,foughttheirwaythroughjunglesandswamps,andendureduntoldhardships---alltoexplore,toseewhathadnotyetbeenseen,tomakeknowntheunknown.NordidManconfinehismovementstothesurfaceoflandandsea.Withkites,balloonsandaircraftheleftthegroundtorangethroughtheloweratmosphere.Nowouterspacereceiveshisattention.Thehardwaytoanswerthequestion,whyshouldManbotheraboutconqueringspace,istoattempttolistthespecificpracticalbenefitsthatwillresult.Oneknows,frompastexperienceinotherareas,thatManwillsurelyseeanddiscovernewknowledge,andthisnewknowledgewillfinditswayintovaluablepracticaluses.WhatwelearnaboutManhimself,fromhisexperienceinspace,andfromtheeffectsofspaceandthespaceflightenvironmentonhim,willbeinvaluable.Thenewtechniquesdevelopedtocarryouttheexplorationofspace,andtokeepmenaliveinspace,willinevitablyfindtheirwayintovaluablepracticalusesineverydayliving.Theareasthatwillbenefitaremanifold.Theyincludecommunications,generationofpower,transportationandtravel,foodproduction,conservationofresources,navigation,humancomfortandwelfare,biologyandmedicine,materials,fuelsandmanyothers.Buttostatespecificallyjustwhatthepracticaloutcomeswillbeisvirtuallyimpossible.35.Explorationoftheunknown.A.oftenresultsinMan’sPowerofimaginationB.isnotcommonthroughouthumanhistoryC.isgenerallysoughtafterbymenwithcourageandstrengthD.isdeeplyrootedintheinstinctofMan36.WhichofthefollowingbestsketchestheprocessofMan’sprobeintotheunknownworld?A.Surfaceoftheearth,theairandspaceB.Waters,mountainsandforests,swamps9C.Communications,transportationandconservationD.Urge,imaginationandcourage37.Thebenefitsofspaceexplorationarebasicallysomething.A.well-specifiedB.hypotheticalC.practicalD.inevitable38.Accordingtothepassage,thevalueofexploringtheouterspacewillultimatelyliein_______.A.itstestimonyofMan’scourageandresolutionB.theknowledgeitmayhelpustogainaboutoutearthC.theresultsitmaybringaboutintheinterestsofManD.Man’smasteryoftechniquestoflyandstayaliveinspace39.FromthispassagewecanconcludethatManshouldhaveconfidenceinexploringspacebecause________.A.wehavedirectedourattentiontotherightobjectofstudyB.wehaveaccumulatedexperiencefromprevioussuccessesinotherfieldsC.wehavefoundthecorrectanswertothequestionofwhyManshouldbotheraboutconqueringspaceD.wehavealreadymadeitpossibleforpeopletobenefitfromthisendeavor40.Theideasexpressedinthispassagecanwellbeusedinanargument____.A.infavorofcriticismsonspaceexplorationB.againstspendingmillionsofmoneyonspaceprojectsC.supportiveofparallelingman’sconquestofnaturewiththatofspaceD.tojustifyspaceexplorationwithitsfar-reachingsignificanceinman’slifeII.Translation(25%)SectionADirections:PutthefollowingintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheappropriatespaceonAnswerSheetII.Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(1)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(2)“Inshort”,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,“thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”(3)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThenmodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.(4)Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology---yes,genius---noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearound10theEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(5)WhethertheGovernmentsshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexperienceoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.SectionBDirections:PutthefollowingintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversionintheappropriatespaceonAnswerSheetII.人们第一次走进新的文化都会有文化冲击感。所谓的文化冲击感就是某个新文化对刚刚跨入其领域的人的影响。文化的差异会给他们带来预料不到的问题，而这些问题会使他们感到震惊，故此把这样现象叫做文化冲击感。对大多数人来说，最困难的问题是感情方面的适应。对于新文化，他们一会儿觉得很好，一会儿又觉得不好。所以出国访问者和移民对新的国家往往既恨又爱。如果他们找不到适应感或归属感，很快就会感到孤独和孤立。III.Writing(15%)
Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninnolessthan120words.Writeacompositionontheinformationshowninthefollowingtable.Writedowntheconclusionsyoudrawfromthefiguresaboutthevariouswaysinwhichpeoplespenttheirholidaysin2005ascomparedwith1995.Attempttoexplainthereasonsforthesedifferences.YoumustwriteyourcompositionintheappropriatespaceonAnswerSheetII.ChangesintheWaysPeopleSpentTheirHolidays1995travelingabroadgoingtoseasidecampingstayingathometotal12%38%10%40%100%200524%31%36%9%100%11
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