(总分：182.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the picture and then give your comments on Optimism and Pessimism . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：【范文】
In the picture, the dog in the up floor just sees the half empty glass which is pessimist towards life, while the other dog on the ground sees the half full glass which is optimistic. These are two totally different attitudes toward the same thing in life.
Every coin has two sides. The optimists always see the good side when they face any difficulties, and they\"ll try to figure out the solutions instead of complaining. In this way, they can quickly solve the problem. However, the pessimists always complain and only see the bad effects. Their pessimist attitudes have no help to solve the problem and only make things worse.
So the optimistic attitude towards life can help us to solve any problem. No matter how difficult the condition is, as long as we have faith in ourselves and keep optimistic, we\"ll succeed in the end.
二、Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 三、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)
England\"s education system is wasting young talent \"on an industrial scale\" because of poor progress made by the brightest disadvantaged children once they leave primary school, Alan Milburn, chair of the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission, said after publication of a report detailing the educational differences on an industrial scale that emerge by the age of seven. The report found that children from poor or disadvantaged backgrounds who achieve the highest levels at primary school have in most cases fallen behind their less-able but better-off peers by the time they sit GCSE exams five years later. Of almost 8,000 disadvantaged students who achieved top grades in English and maths standardised tests at age 11, only 900 went on to study at an elite university. But if disadvantaged children performed as well at secondary school as their better-off peers, another 2,200 would later study at the likes of Oxford or Manchester universities.
The researchers from the Centre for Analysis of Youth Transitions—funded by the DfE—concluded that the period between the end of primary school and taking GCSE exams \"appears to be a crucial time to ensure that higher-achieving pupils from poor backgrounds remain on a high achievement
trajectory (轨道).\"
The Sutton Trust has previously shown that England\"s best comprehensives take only half the national average of disadvantaged pupils, while selective schools such as grammars miss out on many able pupils from deprived backgrounds. \"We need to open up our best comprehensives and grammars, with fairer admissions and outreach policies, and we need to ensure that admission to
leading independent day schools is based on ability, not ability to pay,\" said Conor Ryan, director of research at the trust.
The bright spot in the report was its finding that children from the most deprived backgrounds had a slightly improved chance of getting into top universities despite their lower grades at A-level. Only 2.5% of pupils who were on free school meals throughout their school career achieved A or B grades in three or more A-level papers. The researchers suggested the difference could be due in part to some elite universities taking account of social background in admissions.（分数：71.00）
(1).What problem is the education system of England causing?（分数：14.20） A.It makes the poorer children do badly by the age of 7. B.It makes universities more commercial.
C.It causes educational inequality at primary schools.
D.It wastes young talent from poor backgrounds on a large scale. √
解析：[解析] 根据题干关键词education system, England定位到第一段。由于最聪明的贫困家庭的孩子一旦离开小学所取得的糟糕进步，英国的教育体系正在“从工业规模上”浪费年轻人才。由此可知，英国的教育体系正在大量地浪费来自贫困家庭的年轻人才。故答案为D项。
(2).Why is it important for disadvantaged children to perform well at secondary school?（分数：14.20）
A.They can get more chances to go to elite universities. √ B.They can share the same privileges as better-off peers. C.They can take GCSE exams in advance. D.They can have school meals for free.
解析：[解析] 根据题干关键词disadvantaged children, perform well定位到第二段最后一句。但是如果贫困学生在中学与其富裕的同龄人学习成绩一样好，那么还有2200人会在像牛津大学或曼彻斯特大学这样的大学上学。即如果贫困生在中学学习成绩好，他们就会有更多的机会上好的大学。故答案为A项。 (3).What\"s the crucial time for top-performing poor children to keep high-achieving?（分数：14.20）
A.During primary school and secondary school. B.Before taking GCSE exams at secondary school. C.After taking A-level exams at high school.
D.Between finishing primary school and taking GCSE exams. √
解析：[解析] 根据题干关键词crucial time定位到第三段。研究者们总结说，从小学结束到参加GCSE考试这一时间段似乎是确保贫困家庭成绩较好的学生维持好成绩的关键时期。故答案为D项。
(4).According to Conor Ryan, England\"s best comprehensives and grammars ______.（分数：14.20） A.emphasize pupils\" ability to pay in admissions √ B.take in more than half of disadvantaged pupils C.despise able pupils from poor backgrounds D.advocate fair and reasonable admission policies
解析：[解析] 根据题干关键词Conor Ryan, best comprehensives and grammars定位到第四段最后一句。Conor Ryan说，我们需要通过更为公平的招生录取和外展政策，开放我们最好的综合性学校和文法学校，而且我们需要确保主要的私立走读学校的招生是基于学生的能力而不是他们的支付能力。由此可知，英国最好的综合性学校和文法学校在招生时更看重学生的支付能力。故答案为A项。
(5).According to the researchers, disadvantaged children\"s slightly improved chance of getting into top universities is partly caused by ______.（分数：14.20） A.the university admissions based on their ability
B.universities\" consideration of their social background √ C.their lower percentage of achieving high A-level results D.their high grades in A-level
解析：[解析] 根据题干关键词the researchers, slightly improved chance定位到最后一段。作者在该段第一句指出，这份报告的亮点就是它发现那些最贫困的孩子尽管在A-level上的分数较低，但他们进入名牌大学的机会有了些许的提高。最后一句提到，研究者们认为这种差异可能部分地归因于一些名牌大学在录取学生的时候将社会背景纳入考虑范围。故答案为B项。
五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)
ANDREW CARNEGIE, a 19th-century tycoon, famously said that \"inherited wealth deadens talents and energies\"—one reason why he gave most of his fortune to charity. Business research tends to support the Carnegie thesis. Companies controlled by heirs often underperform competitors that have professional managers. Except, apparently, in Japan.
A forthcoming paper in the Journal of Financial Economics finds not only that inherited family control is still common in Japanese business, but that family firms are \"puzzlingly competitive\outperforming otherwise similar professionally managed companies. \"These results suggest family control \"causes\" good performance rather than the converse,\" say the authors.
Japan boasts some of the world\"s oldest family-run businesses, and many family firms—Suzuki, Matsui Securities, Suntory—break the rule of steady dynastic decline. So how do Japanese firms do it? The answer, says the paper, is adoption.
Last year more than 81,000 people were adopted in Japan, one of the highest rates in the world. But, amazingly, over 90% of those adopted were adults. The practice of adopting men in their 20s and 30s is used to rescue biologically ill-fated families and ensure a business heir, says Vikas Mehrotra, of the University of Alberta, the paper\"s lead author. \"We haven\"t come across this custom in any other part of the world.\" Though the phenomenon has been previously documented, its impact on a company\"s competitiveness has not.
Japan\"s sliding birth rate has created many one-child families, and although daughters can manage the company back-office, in Japan its outward face must still be male, says Chieko Date. She is one of several marriage consultants who help match ambitious young men and the marriageable daughters of business families.
If the meetings go well, the men agree to drop their own surname and are adopted by their new bride\"s family, becoming both the head of the clan and of its business. Ms. Date\"s consultancy claims to have brokered 600 of these marriages, known in Japan as mukoyoshi (literally \"son-in-law adoption\"). Most of her clients are families who own small and medium-sized businesses. She says the union cannot be just a business transaction. If the couples do not like each other, both marriage and business will fail.
In theory, this gives family businesses access to the same-sized talent pool as a professionally managed firm would have, he writes, and may even induce a sturdier work ethic among biological children.
Frustratingly, the paper\"s research stops in 2000. Mariko Fujiwara, a sociologist, says more Japanese parents are now willing to accept the end of the family line. But she adds that Japanese marriages will always have cultural and legal implications because the future of so many businesses depends on who takes them over.（分数：71.00）
(1).What does the author say about companies controlled by heirs?（分数：14.20） A.They are less competitive than competitors that have professional managers. B.They outperform companies with professional managers in Japan. √ C.They deaden talents and energies. D.They are all controlled by male heirs.
解析：[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词companies controlled by heirs可将答案定位在第一段，该段明确指出，由继承者管理的公司在与职业经理人管理的公司竞争中处于劣势。然而在日本，事情并不是这样。因此选项B正确。A和C选项是一位企业大亨的理论，并非作者的意思。选项D文中未提及。 (2).The practice of adopting men in Japanese 20s and 30s contributes to ______.（分数：14.20） A.genetic improvement √
B.company\"s success C.increase in population D.society development
解析：[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词adopting men in Japanese 20s and 30s可将答案定位在第四段，该段明确指出，日本收养20至30多岁的男性是为了改善基因以拯救具有遗传病史的家庭并确立企业继承人。因此选项A正确。B选项夸大了收养的作用，C和D文中未提及。
(3).How do many Japanese family firms break the rule of steady dynastic decline?（分数：14.20） A.Adopt boys at very small age.
B.Hire professional managers as other companies always do. C.Develop through men adoption. √
D.Develop through advanced management methods.
解析：[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词break the rule of steady dynastic decline可将答案定位在第三段，该段明确指出，日本家族企业打破了一贯的家族企业更迭没落的规律是领养在起作用。涉及领养的选项有A和C，第四段第二句话说明90%以上被领养者都是成年人，因此选项C正确。 (4).Chieko Date specialize in ______.（分数：14.20） A.helping daughters with their company back-office B.marriage consultancy on couple problems C.business transaction
D.matching ambitious young men and female business heir √
解析：[解析] 同义互换题。根据题干关键词Chieko Date可将答案定位在第五段，“...one of several marriage consultants who help match ambitious young men and the marriageable daughters...”根据句意，她是一名婚姻咨询顾问，帮助很多有志向的年轻人和适合结婚的女企业继承人喜结良缘，因此选项D正确。选项B中，她虽然是婚姻咨询顾问，但并非专注于夫妻关系调节。 (5).What makes the author feel frustrated?（分数：14.20）
A.More Japanese parents are now willing to accept the end of the family line. B.The research stops in 2000. √
C.If the couples do not like each other, both marriage and business will fail. D.\"Adoption\" can not change the dynastic decline.
解析：[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词the author feel frustrated可将答案定位在末段首句，明确指出，令作者沮丧的原因是研究的终止，因此选项B正确。选项A、C和D选项的陈述与作者沮丧没有必然联系。
六、Part Ⅲ Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
2.
微博
微博作为一个新的信息交流互动平台，越来越受到人们的青睐。通过这个平台人们不仅可以获取并分享大量的信息，还可以与人交流。最早也是最著名的微博是美国的Twitter。2009年8月中国门户网站(web portal)新浪推出“新浪微博”，成为门户网站中第一家提供微博服务的网站。目前微博成为中国网民上网的主要活动之一。微博的信息传播速度往往能领先于传统媒体。
（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：
Microblog
As a new platform for information exchange and communication, microblog has been gaining more and more popularity among people. Through this platform not only can people acquire and share a large amount of information but also communicate with others. The earliest and most famous
microblog is Twitter of the United States. In August, 2009, China\"s web portal Sina launched \"Sina Weibo\become one of the main online activities of Chinese Internet users. The speed of disseminating information via Weibo is often faster than via traditional media.
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