【阅读练习】
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junkfood. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans cameto this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作
物)wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza,say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’sdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters.It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political 6
But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what theycontain.
The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s whatwe eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as acommunity today.
A. answer I. creative B. result J. belief C. share K. suspicious
D. guilty L. certainty E. constant M. obsessed F. defined N. identify G. vanish O. ideals H. adapted 【答案及详解】
1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。
2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。 3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.
4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以 确定I为正确选项。 5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸
如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。
6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。
7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态 度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。
8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of“对……感到怀疑”。 9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。 10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. withsb., “与某人分享某事”。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(2)
【阅读练习】
Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers”h
ad been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But atabout age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time becauseof pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightlyperiods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,conformist(不动
摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often heldseveral jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them hada strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing withpsychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in thehope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleeppatterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).
The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “shortsleepers.”
Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压
抑),passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Severalopenly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems. 1. According to the report,______.
A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature
B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they arebusy with their work
C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood
2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.
A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement
C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program
D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles
3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.
A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life
B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C) do not know how to relax properly
D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems
4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____. A) appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressed
5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?
A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened
B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by manymental patients
C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep
D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 【答案及详解】 答案：DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它 活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。 总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几 项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。
当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们
通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问 题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没 有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微 有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(3)
【阅读练习】
Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin anindependent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial
support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do childrenusually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basisfor marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配
偶) through otherfriends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose theirown spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.
In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions bythemselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the childis free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what theirparents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to gointo his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’sworkplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children donot love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is noexception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the Ameri
can family are culturalvalues of self – reliance and independence.
1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of thefollowing?
A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B) They want to win the permission of their parents. C) They have a strong desire to become independent.
D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.
2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____. A) love
B) financial concern C) their parents D) family background
3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.
A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents
B) most American people never make major decisions for their children
C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence
D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently
4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.
A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school
B) he wants to prove his independence
C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of
D) he wants to show his love for his parents 5. The subject matter of this selection is _____. A) family values
B) marriage arrangements C) the pursuit of a career D) decision making 【答案及详解】 答案： CACBA
子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交 往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗 教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。 许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了 证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意 味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)
【阅读练习】
Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printedtext, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually whenour eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This isknown as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies withinany one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text.Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated toomuch on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasison the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous ex
ercises have been devised to train theeyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed onto a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has requiredstudents to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such wordpatterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes inmore and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’sone thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve hisability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationshipbetween words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to questionthe usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which
trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him inreading a continuous text. Q:
1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except________ .
A. one’s familiarity with the text B. one’s purpose in reading C. the length of a group of words D. lighting and tiredness
2. The author may believe that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B. requires a reader to see words more quickly C. demands an deeply-participating mind D. demands more mind than eyes
3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability tosee words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in thesecond parapraph?
A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.
B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and tocomprehend words.
C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.
D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to seewords. 4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.
B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.
C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.
D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.
5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________
A critical B neutral C prssimistic D optimistic 【答案及详解】 答案：CCCDA 解题思路
1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本 题的答案。 2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需 要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑 和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D
3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的 意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无
益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。
5 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)
【阅读练习】
As is known to all, the organization and management ofwages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with theemployees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firmshould decide on a __3__ of jo
b evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of itsemployees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between TradeUnions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in adetailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in \"points\_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, aspecial method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, theirresponsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuringmanagement work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to anevaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the valueof each job with these in the job market.
__9__, payment for a job should vary with anydifferences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done,as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for_
_10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments areemployed. [A]compare [B]responsible [C]useful [D]added [E]find [F]reference [G]indirect [H]method [I]successful [J]combined [K]Necessarily [L]capacity [M]ability [N]Basically [O]adopt Answers:
1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用 的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect
不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有 B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。
2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比 较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).
3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H)method。
4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工 资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原 文意思。 5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值...起来to give a totalvalue\"得出总分值\"，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意为“把...结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总 分，故D)added最符合文意。
6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能 力，
而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。
7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与...无关”。故选F)reference。
8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和
thesein the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A)正确。
9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与 Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。 10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done\"易于评估的工作\"，通常用现金奖励办法;而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(6)
【阅读练习】
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck
with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinary
1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional “职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more...than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和 civilian相对的，故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。
3.选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词，只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下 文的语气不符合。 4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任 感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。
6.选N)。此处应填动词。...step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填 N)lose。
7.选L)。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除 了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。
8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失 去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与 他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。
9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填 change，故D)正确。 10.选E)。此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E)similarly与 alike意思相近，故选E)。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容