您的当前位置:首页正文

雅思阅读中常见特殊句式整理和句型特点总结

2024-01-19 来源:爱站旅游
导读雅思阅读中常见特殊句式整理和句型特点总结
雅思阅读中常见特殊句式整理和句型特点总结雅思阅读以说明文为主,多是肯定、客观的表达方式。因此在陈述重点内容时势必会用到特殊的表达方式。下面我们就集中讲解下雅思阅读中会用到哪些特殊句式。

我们都知道,在做雅思阅读时,把握主旨和段落大意是非常重要的,但是想提高我们的英语阅读理解能力及做题正确率,仅仅有这些信息是不足矣的,在雅思阅读的40道题目中,80%的题目都会涉及到文章细节内容,因此,把握文中的重要细节信息就非常重要了。我们在阅读文章时会发现,作者在点明主旨后会在后面的阐述中进一步细说论据,而这些就是考题中常常涉及的细节内容,这也正是我们考生最头疼的地方,即在这繁杂的信息中,如何准确把握作者想要表达的重点。

1.转折:转折词汇后面的内容往往是作者想要表达的重点。试想,我们在评论了别人的表现时,若说了一个“但是”,那后面的内容是否是最引起听者兴趣的地方?同理,雅思阅读中亦然。常见的转折英语词汇有:but、however、despite、inspiteof、although、though、yet(用语句首,表示尽管、虽然之意)、while(有尽管之意,不多见,同学们应注意)等。2.否定:否定句在雅思阅读的说明文体中并不多见,因此,否定句、双重否定句是阐述重点内容的一个重点句式,如:not…but…;not…without…。

3.因果:因果逻辑是雅思文章中最常见也是最重要的逻辑关系之一。因此,这是把握重要细节内容的重点之一。相关词汇有:because、so、since(表原因)、as(表原因)、leadto、cause、resultin、asaresultof、asaresult、therefore等。

如whatmakesitbadis...,4.强调句式:itis...that/who/why...及What引导的主语从句,what

weneedis...这样的句式本身就有强调的含义,因此作者使用这种句式时一定在重点说明某些内容。

5.步骤:步骤的描述很多情况下也是设置考点的地方。在进行步骤描述时常会用到firstly、secondly等序数词(注意:initially是最初的意思,常同first互换);除序数词外,也会用到next、then、finally等词。同时,应注意表示步骤的词汇有process、procedure、stage等词。

比较也是重点内容之一,比较无非对比不同与相似,表达不同的词汇有:different、6.比较:

表达相似的词汇有:distinction、differ等;similarity、resemble、similar、resemblance、like(像

的意思)等。另外,表达比较时,常会用到:compare、comparedwith、incomparison、bycontrast、oncontrary等。

7.绝对性说法:因为雅思阅读的阐述方式是客观,因此一旦出现绝对性的说法,很有可能会是考点。常见的绝对性词汇有:never、only(sole、alone常与这词互换)、must、mustn’t、always等。

8.定义式和结论性表述:所谓定义式表述就是作者在给出定义、阐述常识和某些真理时用到的表达方式;结论性表述是指作者在描述完某些项目或实验研究等后,得出的结论性东西,常用到的词汇有:therefore、conclude、inconclusion、thekeyfor...is...等。

科学理性备考,自如应对考试http://www.langlib.com托福·雅思·GRE·SAT·考研·四六级以上8点是作者在阐述重点内容时会用到的特殊句式,考生在平时做题及考试中可参考这些方面,帮助自己准确把握重点信息。此外,雅思阅读还有一个“设铺垫”的特点,即作者在表达某一重点内容前会说些不重点的内容,通过与其或某些连接词来为后面的keypoint做伏笔,常用到的连词多是转折、递进的词汇。这一点,考生在阅读时也应注意。我们以下面这篇文章为例。Lostforwords

ManyminoritylanguagesareonthedangerlistIntheNativeAmericanNavajonationwhichsprawlsacrossfourstatesintheAmericansouth-west,thenativelanguageisdying.Mostofitsspeakersaremiddle-ageorelderly.AlthoughmanystudentstakeclassesinNavajo,theschoolsareruninEnglish.Streetsign,supermarketgoodsandeventheirownnewspaperareallinEnglish.Notsurprisingly,linguistsdoubtthatanynativespeakersofNavajowillremaininahundredyears’time.

Navajoisfarfromalone.Halftheworld’s6,800languagesarelikelytovanishwithintwo

generations-that’sonelanguagelosteverytendays.Neverbeforehastheplanet’slinguisticdiversityshrunkatsuchapace.“Atthemoment,weareheadingforaboutthreeorfour

languagesdominatingtheworld”,saysMarkPagel,anevolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofReading.“It’samassextinction,andwhetherwewilleverreboundfromthelostisdifficulttoknow.

Isolationbreedslinguisticdiversityasaresult,theworldispepperedwithlanguagesspokenbyonlyafewpeople.Only250languagehavemorethanamillionspeaker,andatleast3,000havefewerthan2,500.Itisnotnecessarilythesesmalllanguagesthatareabouttodisappear.Navajoisconsideredendangereddespitehaving150,000speakers.Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotthatthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare.Ifitisspokenbychildrenitisrelativelysafe.Thecriticallyendangeredlanguagesarethosethatareonlyspokenbytheelderly,accordingtoMichaelKrauss,directoroftheAlasskNativeLanguageCenter,inFairblanks.

Whydopeoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparent?Itbeginswithacrisisofconfidence,whenasmallcommunityfinditselfalongsidealarger,wealthiersociety,saysNicholasOstlerofBritain’sFoundationforEndangeredLanguages,inBath.‘Peoplelosefaithintheirculture’hesay.‘Whenthenextgenerationreachestheirteens,theymightnotwanttobeinducedintotheoldtradition.’

Thechangeisnotalwaysvoluntary.Quiteoften,governmentstrytokilloffaminoritylanguagebybanningitsuseinpublicordiscouragingitsuseinschool,alltopromotenationalunity.TheformerUSpolicyofrunningIndianreservationinEnglish,forexample,effectivelyputlanguagessuchasNavajoonthedangerlist.ButSalikokoMufwene,whochairstheLinguisticsDepartmentattheUniversityofChicago,arguesthatthedeadliestweaponisnotgovernmentpolicybuteconomicglobalisation.‘NativeAmericanshavenotlostprideintheirlanguage,buttheyhave

科学理性备考,自如应对考试http://www.langlib.com托福·雅思·GRE·SAT·考研·四六级hadtoadapttosocioeconomicpressures’hesay.‘TheycannotrefusetospeakEnglishifmostcommercialactivityisinEnglish\".Butarelanguagesworthsaving?Attheveryleast,thereisalossofdataforthestudyoflanguagesandtheirevolution,whichreliesoncomparisonsbetweenlanguages,bothlivinganddead.Whenanunwrittenandunrecordedlanguagedisappears,itislosttoscience.

Languageisalsointimatelybondupwithculture,soitmaybedifficulttoreserveonewithouttheother.‘IfapersonshiftsfromNavajotoEnglish,theylosesomething'Mufwenesays.

‘Moreover,thelossofdiversitymayalsodepriveusofdifferentwaysoflookingattheworld’sayPagel.Thereismountingevidencethatlearningalanguageproducesphysiologicalchangesinbrain.‘Yourbrainandminearedifferencefromthebrainofsomeone,whospeaksFrench,forinstance’Pagelsays,andthiscouldaffectourthoughtsandperceptions.‘Thepatternsandconnectionswemakeamongvariousconceptsmaybestructuredbythelinguistichabitsofourcommunity.’

Sodespitelinguists’bestefforts,manylanguageswilldisappearoverthenextcentury.Butagrowinginterestinculturalidentitymaypreventthedirestpredictionsfromcomingtrue.‘Thekeytofosteringdiversityisforpeopletolearntheirancestraltongue,aswellasthedominantlanguage’saysDougWhalen,founderandpresidentoftheEndangeredLanguageFundinNewHaven,Connecticut.‘Mostoftheselanguageswillnotsurvivewithoutalargedegreeof

bilingualism’hesays.InNewZealand,classesforchildrenhaveslowedtheerosionofMaoriandrekindledinterestinthelanguage.AsimilarapproachinHawaiihasproduceabout8000newspeakersofPolynesianlanguagesinthepastfewyears.InCalifornia,‘apprentice’programmeshaveprovidedlifesupporttoseveralindigenouslanguages.Volunteer'apprentices'pairupwithoneofthelastlivingspeakersofNativeAmericantonguetolearntraditionalskillsuchasbasketweaving,withinstructionexclusivelyintheendangeredlanguage.Afterabout300hoursoftrainingtheyaregenerallysufficientlyfluenttotransmitthelanguagetonextgeneration.ButMufwenesaysthatpreventingalanguagedyingoutisnotthesameasgivingitnewlifebyusingeveryday.‘Preservingalanguageismorelikelypreservingfruitsinajar’hesays.

However,preservationcanbringalanguagebackfromthedead.Thereareexamplesof

languagesthathavesurvivedinwrittenformandthenbeenrevivedbylattergenerations.Butawrittenformisessentialforthis,sothemerepossibilityofrevivalhasledmanyspeakersofendangeredlanguagestodevelopsystemsofwritingwherenoneexistedbefore.分析:

第三段Isolationbreedslinguisticdiversity这句话是典型的定义式句式,因此这是一个重要信息。该段中Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotthatthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare.这个what引导的主语从句表达“不是...而是...”,这是一个重要信号句,同学们应高度重视。

第四段中Whydopeoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparent?Itbeginswithacrisisof

科学理性备考,自如应对考试http://www.langlib.com托福·雅思·GRE·SAT·考研·四六级confidence,whenasmallcommunityfinditselfalongsidealarger,wealthiersociety这是通过自问自答的方式阐述观点,这是设铺垫的一种方式,同学们应注意。

第五段中Thechangeisnotalwaysvoluntary.Quiteoften,governmentstrytokilloffaminoritylanguagebybanningitsuseinpublicordiscouragingitsuseinschool,alltopromotenationalunity.第一句话也是一种设铺垫的方式,说明改变不都是自愿的,也就暗示着会有其他原因,紧接着下句便进行了说明。这一段中thedeadliestweaponisnotgovernmentpolicybuteconomicglobalisation.结合了否定及转折,表达“不是...而是...”,势必是重点信息句。第七段中,Sodespitelinguists’bestefforts,manylanguageswilldisappearoverthenextcentury.Butagrowinginterestinculturalidentitymaypreventthedirestpredictionsfromcomingtrue.这句话有despite和but,因此这句话一定是重点。Thekeytofosteringdiversityisforpeopletolearntheirancestraltongue,aswellasthedominantlanguage.是定义式句式;Mostoftheselanguageswillnotsurvivewithoutalargedegreeofbilingualism是双重否定句,因此这两句都是重点句式。

在文章当中进行了这样的分析后,我们对把握细节信息就清晰明了了许多,对于文章理解也更深入了一步。同学们应该掌握雅思阅读这样的写作手法和特点,在今后的阅读练习和考试中,能够做到在阅读时眼前一亮,把握考点,这对我们提高正确率是非常有帮助的。

科学理性备考,自如应对考试http://www.langlib.com托福·雅思·GRE·SAT·考研·四六级

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容